Influence of Loading Distance, Loading Angle and Log Orientation on Time Consumption of Forwarder Loading Cycles: A Pilot Case Study

Fully mechanized timber harvesting systems are well established in forest operations worldwide. In cut-to-length (CTL) systems, forwarders used for extracting logs from the stand. The productivity of a forwarder is related to site- and stand-specific characteristics, technical parameters, organizational aspects, individual skills operator. operator’s performance during “loading” considerably affects productivity, since this element occupies nearly 50% forwarding cycle time CTL operations. When positioning loading, different loading angles distances arise. Additionally, log orientation relation machine operating trail can be observed. Therefore, an in-depth analysis conditions was conducted. goal pilot case study explore potential impact distances, angles, on consumption per order derive indications more efficient work practices. controlled sequences were tested physical Rottne-F10-based simulator with experienced Three (45°, 90° 135° azimuthal axis) five (3, 4, 5, 6 7 m), three 90°, 135°), resulted total 45 settings, which 10 repetitions each. required captured study, applying snap-back method. Results showed that all variables had significant influence cycle. Loading at angle 135°, close (3 m) or far distance (7 led especially increased times. 4 m could detected as optimal range. 45° efficiency. Even if validity results may limited due influencing factors field operations, these data contribute better understanding and, particular, determining work.